1. What are the verb types define with examples
We use the language to communicate. The languages are of two types: The written and the oral language. The oral language is generally the informal one. The written language or any oral language, the sentences that we use express an action or a state-of-being sentence are constructed using two types of verbs.
i. Actions verbs: An action verb is a verb that expresses physical or mental action. The action verb tells us what the subject of our clause or sentence is doing physically or mentally. These types of the verbs are also called dynamic verbs.
For eg: The boy throws the ball Another boy catches the ball.
The more verbs are: act, fix, fall, eat, dance, close, buy, push, open, move, listen, kick, jump, hit, givé, write, vote, read, send, stand, touch, etc.
ii. State of being verbs link the subject with noun, pronoun or adjective to its subject. In other words, a state of being verb identifies who or what a noun is, was, or will be. Most being verbs forms of to be (am, are, is, was, were, will be, being, been) other verbs (such as become, seem, appear) can also function as a verb of being.
For eg: The dog is cute. He became a teacher.
2. What is a mood in Grammar? Explain with examples.
In grammar, mood is used to refer to a verb category or form which indicates whether the verb expresses a fact (the indictive mood), a command (the imperative mood), a question (the interrogative mood), a condition (the conditiona mood), or a wish or possibility (the subjunctive mood).
i.The indictive mood: The form of a verb that is used to express statement of fact
For eg:
a. We will visit Pokhara next year.
b.Whales are mammals, not fish.
ii. The imperative mood: The imperative is used in commands and instructions. These might be affirmative and the negative sentences. The sentences are typically without subjects; and these sentences are used to order, ask someone to do something, to offer advice or encouragement, to give instructions or to make
suggestions. For eg.:
a. Take the first turn on the left.
b. Just keep calm and relax.
iii. The interrogative mood: This mood is used to ask questions. To make the interrogatives we use the auxiliary verb. For eg.:
a.Are you coming out tonight?
b. Did you make a profit?
iv. The conditional mood: The conditional mood is made from the auxiliary verb would (also should with 'I' and 'We') and the infinitive of the other verb without 'to. It refers to situations/requests which are uncertain or which depend on something
else happening. For eg.:
a. I would like some coffee, please.
b. If he'd arrived earlier, we would have had time for dinner.
v. The subjunctive mood: The subjunctive mood is used to express a wish or possibility. This mood form of a verb (apart from to be) is made from the 3rd person present singular, without S(or-es) ending. With these verbs, the same forms are used whether or not the context is the present or the past. For eg.:
a. It was suggested that he wait till the next morning.
b. They demanded that the prime minister explain who authorized the action.
3. Discuss 'Nouns' with examples.
A noun is part of speech that names a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality. All nouns can be classified into two groups of nouns: Common noun, proper noun.
i. Proper noun: It refers to the individual name of a person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are always capitalized for eg: Mahabir Pun, Kathmandu, Dharahara.
ii. Common nouns are more generalized by comparison and they can be further categorized under four types: Concrete nouns, abstract nouns, collective nouns, compound nouns.
a. Concrete nouns can be perceived by at least one of our five senses. They are nouns that refer to things that exist physically and can be touched, seen, smelled, felt, or tasted.
For eg. (i) Can I pet your dog?
(ii) Please pass the salt.
b. Abstract nouns: Abstract nouns refer to concepts or feelings that cannot be experienced concretely or touched physically. Ideas, qualities, or conditions like love, hate, power, and time are all examples of abstract nouns.
For eg.: (i) All you need is love.
(ii) We must use this time wisely.
c. Collective nouns are nouns that refer to a group of something in particular.
For eg.: (i) There used to be heards of wild buffalo.
(ii) The team did a great job in the competition.
d. A compound noun contains two or more words that join together to make a single noun that can be at closed form, hyphenated form or the open form.
For eg.: (i) I regularly use the branded toothpaste.
(ii) He congratulated his son-in-law for his success.
(iii) He works in a post office.
4.Discuss four types of basic sentences structures with examples.
Sentence structures are classified by the number and kinds of clauses they have the technical names of these sentence structures are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence and compound complex sentence.
i. Simple sentence: It has one main clause with a single subject and a single predicate. It is one independent clause.
ii. Compound sentence: it has two main clauses that express two or more independent but related thoughts of equal importance.
eg. Staples grew more and more uneasy, but he stood his ground.
iii. Complex sentence: It expresses one main thought (the independent clause) one or more subordinates related thoughts. (dependent clause, independent clause) eg.: Although staples grew more and more uneasy, he continued to walk in the neighborhood.
iv. Compound complex sentence: It has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. In simple terms, an independent clause can be a sentence on its own while a dependent clause cannot.
eg.: Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much.